【体系基礎英文法 第28講】譲歩を表す接続詞・前置詞(although/though/despite/in spite of)

■ 1. 接続詞として譲歩を表す語

譲歩の接続詞は「〜だけれども」という意味で、後ろに〈S+V〉を伴う。

although/though「〜だけれども」:ほぼ同じ意味。althoughのほうがやや書き言葉的、thoughは口語で
 文末に置いて「でもね」という意味で使うこともできる(although文末不可)。
 Although the exam was difficult, she managed to pass it.
 The exam was difficult. She passed it, though.(thoughのみ文末可)

even though「〜であるにもかかわらず」:althoughより意味が強く、意外性を強調する。
 Even though he apologized sincerely, she refused to forgive him.

*注意:though には「たとえ〜でも」の意味で as though / even though as に加え、〈形容詞[副詞/名詞]+though+S+V〉という倒置的な語順もある(第30講のas の譲歩用法と同じ発想)。
Tired though she was, she kept working until midnight.
(疲れていたけれども、彼女は真夜中まで働き続けた)

■ 2. 前置詞(句)として譲歩を表す語

後ろに名詞(句)や動名詞が続く。

despite + 名詞(句)「〜にもかかわらず」:despite of という形は誤り(ofは不要)
 Despite the heavy rain, the marathon went ahead as planned.

in spite of + 名詞(句)「〜にもかかわらず」:despiteとほぼ同じ意味・用法
 In spite of his young age, he handled the crisis with great maturity.

講義ポイント①
despite / in spite of の後ろに〈S+V〉を続けたい場合は、despite the fact that S+V という形にする(despite that S+V とは言えない)。

■ 3. 実戦演習問題

問1 ( ) she had very little experience, she managed the project brilliantly.
 ① Despite
 ② In spite of
 ③ Although
 ④ Because of

問2 ( ) the terrible weather, thousands of fans gathered outside the stadium.
 ① Although
 ② Despite
 ③ Even though
 ④ Whereas

問3 He decided to go hiking alone, ( ) his doctor’s advice.
 ① although
 ② even though
 ③ despite
 ④ because

問4 Young ( ) she was, she showed remarkable leadership during the crisis.
 ① despite
 ② though
 ③ because
 ④ unless

問5 ( ) the fact that he had studied for months, he still felt nervous before the exam.
 ① Despite
 ② Although
 ③ Because of
 ④ As

■ 4. 解答と構造解説&講義注釈

問1 正解:③ Although

空欄の後ろに she had very little experience という〈S+V〉が続くため、接続詞のAlthoughが正しい。①Despite と②In spite of は前置詞(句)なので後ろに名詞(句)が必要。

問2 正解:② Despite

空欄の後ろが the terrible weather という名詞句なので、前置詞のDespiteが正しい。

問3 正解:③ despite

空欄の後ろが his doctor’s advice という名詞句なので、前置詞のdespiteが正しい。①although と②even though は接続詞であり、後ろに名詞句だけを置くことはできない。

問4 正解:② though

〈形容詞+though+S+V〉の倒置的な譲歩構文。「若かったけれども」という意味。Young though she wasで「彼女は若かったけれども」となる。

問5 正解:① Despite

despite the fact that S+V の形。事実(the fact)を目的語に取る前置詞despiteと、that節が同格でthe factを説明している。

復習チェックリスト

☐ although/though/even thoughの意味の強さの違いを説明できるか?

☐ despite(in spite of)の後ろにSVを続けたいときの形(the fact that)を言えるか?

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